Top 10 GENIUS KIDS: Invented Amazing Things

Top 10 GENIUS KIDS

Most of the things we use in everyday life were invented by adults but you'd be surprised how many products have been invented by children genius children with incredible minds here are the top 10 unbelievable child inventions number.

10 Snowmobile

If you're trying to get somewhere in the snow there's only one type of vehicle you'll want to use to get there quickly and have fun while you're doing it a snowmobile they become a vital way to keep communities connected in colder regions but amazingly this wasn't the idea of a seasoned inventor the first snowmobile was created by a 15 year old boy Joseph Armand Bombardier was interested in mechanics and in 1922 he proudly showed his parents his invention that he had made by mounting engine from a Ford Model T unto forerunners and attached a handmade propeller to the back in trials this enables him to travel half a mile across the snow before it stopped and became somewhat of a life passion of his to perfect design in 1959 Bombardier then 52 years old released the ski-doo which was the world's first superlight model of a snowmobile.

9 Braille

In a world war communication and information is presented in ways that are so reliant on the ability to see and hear it can be frustratingly difficult for those with impairments to interact the way they should be able to Louis Braille learned this the hard way when at the age of three he contracted an eye infection that would leave him without sight for the rest of his life the next nine years he struggled to read by tracing his finger around the outline of raised letters on specialized paper and soon realized that individual letters were quite difficult to differentiate through this method and it was often virtually impossible to identify specific words by the time he had turned 12 he was given the opportunity to learn a method of silent communication that had been developed by the French military but still this proved to be far more complicated than he thought it should be he was left with only one option he created his own way of writing which consisted of raised bumps on paper that the tips of the fingers can easily identify this method became known as Braille and is still used worldwide to this day having made life so much easier for people limited site it's incredible to think it was invented by a child.

8 Calculator

Nowadays if you need to make a quick calculation you only need to reach for your smartphone to gain access to a powerful computer things used to be far more complicated than that, it might surprise you to know though that the first mechanical calculators were actually introduced in the mid 17th century and even more incredible was the fact that they were designed by a child prodigy Blaise Pascal he had been educated by his father who was a local tax collector and turned his interests of physics at a very young age his studied required the use of advanced mathematics and he found it tedious to calculate everything on paper so set his mind on finding a quicker solution he spent three years of his latter teen years trying to perfect his idea after building 50 prototypes he finally made something that worked which is now known as a Pascal calculator this invention was at the forefront of automation and as well as being the first mechanical calculator is arguably one of the earliest types of computer to ever be built so much of the tech we rely on in modern life can be traced back to this making Pascal one of the most influential inventors to have ever lived.

7 Christmas Lights

Every year when Christmas comes around the world is lit up in a blaze of light when people decorate their trees houses and buildings with countless colorful bulbs this wasn't always the way things were done though and only started happening in the 20th century for then people would decorate their trees with candles and even though they involved having open flames on dry trees they were seen as being far safer than the mysterious electrical methods of creating light that were being introduced at the turn of the century eventually though people began to start trusting electric lights but they were still extremely expensive in 1917 however supposedly after a fire in New York that have been caused by candles on a Christmas tree fifteen-year-old Albert sadaqa saw an opportunity and developed some novelty lights from his parents company for use on trees soon there was more demand that he could cope with and by 1925 he and several other companies combined to form the Noma Electric Company and dominate a market for decades to come.

6 Walking Battery

We've all been there it's been a long day out and you need to make a call but your phone's batteries somehow completely drain there aren't always powerpoints nearby and not everyone's prepared enough to have a backup battery with them wherever they go but in 2014 a 15 year old child genius revealed his solution to this problem to the world angelou casimiro from the philippines had designed a device that's worn around the ankle and can generate an electrical charge he'd realized that the average person takes 7,000 steps per day and it seemed like a use of energy that could be harnessed for the technology that we take around with us well it doesn't produce enough to keep a device like a phone charged constantly it gives enough extra juice to be able to power it up to make that important call or message in tests he was able to generate enough to use a phone for ten minutes after playing basketball for two hours but it's not just phones that will benefit from this his main aim was to provide lighting to poor rural communities with no mains access the device was showcased at the Google science fair in 2014 and since then he's gone on to develop a series of further devices making him one of the most prolific child inventors of the time we are constantly.

5 Baby Hot Seat

Despite every parent's best intentions it's a fact of life that sometimes things can be forgotten and technology can be instrumental in making everyone's lives easier having begun inventing at the age of 11 Alyssa Chavez had her tragic stories of children dying after being left in hot cars and decided to do something about it by her mid-teens she had developed a new product called the baby hot seat with the intent to make tragedies like these a thing of the past the idea behind it is simple but deployed in an incredibly easy to use way she began exploring different alarm technologies that were available and adapted them for this purpose the pressure-sensitive device is placed in the child seat in a car and is connected to the smartphone of the adult responsible for them if the child is left in the car when it's locked the alarm will trigger to remind the adult that they left infant behind she was granted the patent on her design at the age of 17 which made her the youngest latina patent holder in the US and has given her the opportunity to continue developing this product and to explore other ideas in the range.

4 Electric Television

Virtually every home in the US has a television and many have more than just one when you look at them you can see how much technological know-how has gone into their design likely the result of rooms of engineers and designers deciding on how best to build them but amazingly the first ever electronic TV was created by a child Philo Farnsworth has been fascinated with electronics ever since he first had a long-distance phone call with a relative despite living in a home without electricity until the age of 14 he was at high school when he began developing a means of transmitting images via radio waves in the same way as audio could be while several other inventors around the world had invented crude means of image generation on a screen and demonstrated a television based on rotating discs Farnsworth's invention which he showed to the world in 1927 was the first recognizable ancestor to the sets that we use today it used scanning electrons to project an image onto a screen and the first image he transmitted on two it was a line according to the stories from the time an investor had asked him when they'd see dollars on the thing at which point he turned to the camera of the image of a dollar sign but it wouldn't be too long until they all benefited from the invention just 12 years later RCA paid to use his patents and were the first company to sell TV sets across the u.s.

3 Iaid

Most inventions that solve a problem are created by people who directly experienced that problem for themselves there's something about a child's incredible capability for compassion towards others that led to the Iaid being developed when Alex Dean's was 12 years old he saw a visually impaired woman struggling to cross a busy street on her own he became sure that he would be able to design something to help even though he didn't immediately know what and spent his free time over the next three years working on the problem his solution was a product that tries to imitate a bats ability of echolocation and uses ultrasonic sensors to scan the surroundings with four sensors attached to a belt a signal is sent to a joystick that is used to inform the user of the location of obstacles in 2015 he won a design prize because of this invention but he's not done yet he plans to keep refining it and is determined to use everything that he's learned to create something that has far more use than the current version does.

2 Superman

In 1932 geeky 16 year old students Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster met each other for the first time and knew that they were destined for great things together little did they know at this time that they were about to invent one of the most influential characters in literary history that would spearhead an entire genre of fiction for decades to come they had created a number of characters that were featured in new fun and Detective Comics but they struggled to find a place for their favorite creation an alien that wore blue and red clothes had super-strength and could fly they had been developing their Superman for several years before he finally made his first appearance in Action Comics number one and the rest was history there's a dark side to this story however because the two were only paid 130 dollars for the rights to the character that would go on to generate billions following a dispute with the publisher they weren't even credited as having created him and it was only after a public campaign during the release of the first Hollywood movie at their place in comic book history was rightfully acknowledged.

1 Swimming Flippers

While we're definitely designed for moving across land humans aren't too bad at swimming through water too we definitely aren't as fast as animals that are adapted for that environment though and it was from looking at fish and other marine life that a young Benjamin Franklin came upon the idea of swimming flippers he realized that he could travel through the water faster if he had a larger surface area to push with and his first design was a handheld fin made from oval wooden planks that had holes in the middle for his hands the designs have of course come on leaps and bounds since these first prototypes but it shows how one of history's most successful inventors was already analyzing the world around him and creating life enhancing designs at an impressively young age. 

The Most Dangerous Substance in the Universe Strange Matter

Humanity is getting through a very strange time. It’s as if the last season of Game of Thrones wasn’t enough, now humanity faces a global pandemic that, of course, this is why today’s topic will be just as strange as the timeline that we live in - strange matter – possibly the most stable thing in the entire universe. Actually, strange matter’s full name is strange quark matter, which means a state of aggregation involving quarks moving freely in a system. There also are the gluons, which act as the exchange particles for the strong force between quarks, but they’re irrelevant for now.

Normally, quarks are held together by this strong force and subsequently form subatomic composites like protons and neutrons, just like how the electromagnetic force holds together atoms to make molecules. However, if we rise the temperature higher than 10^12 kelvins, those subatomic composites melt into the components they are made of, creating a hot soup of quarks. This soup was first served in the very early universe when it’s age was only a few tens of microseconds and the temperature was high enough.

But other than that, theoretically, this quark matter can also form in the interior of a neutron star. Briefly, as a refresher, a neutron star is what appears after a giant star with a total mass of between 19 and 29 solar masses collapses after running out of fusion fuel. Because of its such immense mass, it compresses to a density big enough to fuse the electrons and the protons inside the atoms into neutrons. Hence its composition being just… neutrons. Firmly packed together and held by the gravitational force, they create the substance known as neutronium – the hypothetical element of atomic number zero.

And what’s the best way to demonstrate the density of such a substance?

Measuring a cubic centimeter?

No.

A tablespoon?

Nope.

A cow – yeah that’s it. If a cubic centimetre of neutronium weights at least 370 mln tons, then a cow made entirely from neutronium would weight 370 Quadrillion kg. Even though the star is much cooler than 10^12 kelvin, because of the high pressure, the core of the neutron star is extreme enough to form quark matter inside.

Considering that a proton is made of 2 up quarks and one down quark, after fusing with an electron, it becomes a neutron consisting of one up and 2 down quarks. Hoever, if we make the current situation even more extreme by rising the temperature and making the density of the star even higher, things get weirder. The weak force, the one responsible for quarks changing their types, starts to manifest itself

in such an environment and transform half of the down quarks into the brand new… awesome… strange quarks.

The resulting plasma made of aproximativelly equal parts of up, down and strange quarks is what scientists call strange matter and the star that it forms – a strange star. You may think about strange matter as that one weird kid in class that gets bullied into him breaking inside under social pressure and thus letting him no other choice but to accustom the quark-social standards and become like everyone else. But actually no. Strange matter is a true chad, stable enough to resist the influence of others, and actually becomes the social standard for everything it comes in contact with.

In other words, strange matter is believed to be stable enough not to decay into other particles, no matter the conditions, and convert the matter it comes in contact with in even more strange matter, but we will come to that later. First of all- its stability. As previously mentioned, the initial quark matter is made of up and down quarks. When we rise the density, the weak force will start to lower the energy of the entire system by transforming some down quarks into strange quarks, which have a smaller mass and permit a lower energy level.

There are also other canditates for this transformation beyond the strange quark- the three remaining quarks – top, up and charm. But their masses are much larger than the chemical potentials involved. 

Also, the transformation reactions are a bit more complicated than simple down to strange conversion, but let’s keep things simple. So, again, the presence of strange quarks in the strange matter make it the most stable substance in the entire universe. A perfect and indistructable material for the SkyNet army. But in reality, not so perfect. Remember when I said that strange matter will convert other matter it comes in contact with into even more strange matter?

You would be tempted to think about it like an infection, but the process is more analogous to actual burning. That said, you need enough strange matter to maintain it stable and start a reaction. If you have too little of it, it will simply decay back.If we however get more than the threshold of required strange matter, we get an aglomeration

called a strangelet. And in simple terms, this strangelet can burn through matter in its vicinity lowering its energy level, and therefore transforming it in even more strange matter, thus continuing the chain reaction until there is no more matter left. So, do these seeds of doom exist?

Unfortunately or rather fortunately, there is no convincing evidence in favor of the existence of strangelets. If a strange star would exist with a mass bigger than 1.4 solar masses, it would be indistinguishable from a simple neutron star of the same mass. However, if it had a smaller mass, its radius would be respectively much smaller than the radius of a neutron star with similar mass. These differences of proportions would let us know if we ever stumble upon a strange star, and therefore – strangelets. Nevertheless, strangelests could have also formed in the first seconds after the Bing Bang - when the universe was nothing more than a quark soup, similar to the quark matter which supposedly exists inside neutron stars.

So there is a chance, even if not big, of strangelets still lurking through the darkness of the universe, waiting to land on some unlucky planet and burn it to the core, converting everythign to even more strange matter. Would be a shame if you happen to have been living on such a planet, wouldn’t it?

Sadly you can’t yet teleport to some other planet in order to save yourself. What can you do though, is teleport your online presence to anywhere thanks to our today’s.

The study of electricity and geophysics

The study of electricity and geophysics

The resistivity method is employed within the study of horizontal and vertical discontinuities within the electrical properties of the subsurface and also within the detection of three-dimensional bodies of anomalous electrical conductivity. This method is especially utilized in engineering and hydrogeological investigations.

In the resistivity method, artificially generated electric currents are introduced into the subsurface and therefore the resulting potential differences are measured at the surface. The electric potential is defined because of the difference in electrical potential between two points. Deviations from the pattern of potential differences are expected from the homogenous ground to supply information on the form and electrical properties of the subsurface inhomogeneities.

The resistivity of a cloth is defined because of the resistance in ohms between the other faces of a unit cube of the fabric. The resistance offered by a cloth to current flow is expressed in terms of resistivity. The SI unit of resistivity is that the ohm-meter and therefore the reciprocal of resistivity is termed conductivity. Siemens/ meter and mho are a number of the units for its measurement.

Native minerals and Graphite do conduct electricity through the passage of electrons. Most of the rock-forming minerals are however insulators and hence, the electricity is carried through them mainly by the passage of ions in pore waters. Thus most of the rocks do conduct electricity through electrolytic instead of electronic processes. Hence porosity is that the major controlling factor of the resistivity of rocks and thus the resistivity generally increases as porosity decreases. The law of Archie does show the inverse relationship between resistivity and therefore the porosity.

Even the crystalline rocks with negligible intergranular porosity are conductive along cracks and fissures. But among the common rock types, there's a substantial overlap between different rock types and thus identification of rock type isn't possible solely on the idea of resistivity data alone!. The apparent or the effective resistivity ( the resistivity of the rock and its pore water) also can be expressed in terms of resistivity and therefore the volume of pore water present.

Resistivity method does measure the magnitude of conduction, whereas the induced polarization measures the magnitude of polarization.

Groundwater exploration, mineral exploration, detection of cavities, waste site exploration, oil exploration, etc are a number of the main applications of resistivity surveying.

The induced polarization method does make use of the capacitative action of the subsurface to locate zones where the conductive materials are disseminated within their host rocks. The induced polarization phenomenon was first discovered in 1912 by Schlumberger. The electrically conductive materials exhibit: 1. delayed voltage response, and 2. over-voltage effect. In simple terms, the induced polarization response does reflect the degree to which the subsurface is in a position to store the electrical charge analogous to a capacitor. Polarization does result from a redistribution of ions along interfaces ( metal-fluid or nonmetal- fluid) following the application of an electrical current. Residual current flow occurs as ions relax to equilibrium following the removal of the electrical field. The induced polarization method does indicate the presence of clay content.